Hydraulic mechanism for determin



Aug. 27, 1940.

c. c. RICHARD Re. 21,544 HYDRAULIC MECHANISM FOR DETERMINING THE PATH OF MOVEMENT OF A TOOL OR OTHER ELEMENT Original Filed May 8, 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 U/e manf C. Q /Mv M9127, 1940.- c. c; RIHAED Re. 21,544

nynm'uuc MEc AmsM FOR DETERMINING, THE FAITH 0F MOVEMENT OF A' TOOL OR OTHER ELEMENT Original Filed my 8, 1930 e Sheets-Sheet 2 HMHHHHHHHHMH'HMHHHHHHH I CVewew/ 63 A /bfidrd TTO kle 5 Aug. 27, 1940. v c. c. RlCHARD 1,544

HYDRAULIC MECHANISM FOR DETERMINING THE PATH 0F MOVEMENT OF A TOOL OR OTHER ELEMENT Original Filed May 8, 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 i N (1 /072 en 7 C. g/c/vczro W 41m $744M- "ga-rrooways Aug. 27. 1940. c. c. RICHARD e- 21544 4 HYDRAULIC MECHANISM FOR DETERMINING THE PATH 0F MOVEMENT OF A TOOL OR OTHER ELEMENT v Origingl FiledMay 8, 1930 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 I iNvsm L C/emefi/ C p/c/zcv'a 4 TTO ways c. CNRICHARD Re. 21,544

M FOR DETERMINING THE PATH OF 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 T-roways v wvszmn'om/ 1 CVewen/ C ,Q/cfi ara Aug. 27. 1940.

Original Filed May 8 1930 MOVEMENT OF A TOOL OR OTHER ELEMENT HYDRAULIC MECHANIS 1 HYDRAULIC MECHANISM FOR DETERMINING THE PATH 0F.

Aug. 27.1940. c, c H Re. 21,544

MOVEMENT OF A TOOL OR OTHER ELEMENT Origingl' Filed May 8, 1930' 6 Sheets- Sheet 6 TTOQLE s CH Rei csued Aug. 27, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE'.\

HYDRAULIC MECHANISM FOR. DETERMIN- ING THE PATH OF MOVEMENT OF A TOOL OR OTHER Clement C. Richard. Bloomfield Hills. Micln, as-

aignor of one-third to Otis K. Richard, Detroit, Micla; Detroit Trust Compa y. executor of said Otis K. Richard. 11

. and Jone-third to Serial No. 450,858, May 8, 1830.

Application for reissue July 29, 1939, Serial No. 287.833

48 Claim.

This invention relates to means for determining or controlling the position or path of a tool or other element in the performance of work, its purpose being to secure an easily controlled mechanism by means of which power is applied, preferably by fluid under pressure, to the tool or other element to cause the same to vary in position during the performance of work.

The invention is more particularly useful in controlling the path of movement of a cutting tool in metal working machines, the object being to provide a comparatively simple and inexpensive structure in which, through use of a model or pattern the cutting tool is made to traverse a predetermined path in reproduction of the contour of the model on the line or points contacted by the tracer.

The device may be built as a component part of or as an attachment to various metal working machines as a lathe, planer, routing or-surfacing machine and the like in which the tool or the work as may'be necessary with any specific machine is mechanically moved and the tool varled in its relative path of movement to correspond to the contour of a model or pattern.

A further object and feature of the invention resides in theprovision of a tracer element for contacting the surface of a model in which the pressure of the tracer tool in contacting the surface traced is negligible whereby a model havmodel, the model may be continuously used for a long period inasmuch as no deformation or scoring of the surface traced. suiiicient to affect the operation of the cutting tool, is produced even though a plaster model. is utilized and the tool is rigidly held in traversing a varied path, sufficient power being applied thereto through the movement of the tracer tool to maintain the tool in its respective position with the work or in other words, preventing deflection from the predetermined path of movement in the cutting operation- It is a further object of the invention to provide a means hydraulically actuated for causing the tool to traverse a predetermined path through movement of the tracer or a model or pattern.

Other objects and novel features of the invention reside in the various details of construction and arrangement of the parts in the performance of the necessary function of control of the tool by the tracer element in a hydraulically actuated device including the tracer element and means controlled. through the variation in position of the tracer and a valve structure associated therewith through which power is applied hydraulically in moving the tool to correspond exactly or proportionately to the movement of the tracer.

.These and other various objects and features of the invention are hereinafter more fully described and claimed and the preferred form of construction of a machine embodying my in- Vention is shown in the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is an elevation showing my improved mechanism as applied to control a planer tool, a portion only of the planer being shown.

Fig. 1av is a fragmentary front view, partially in elevation and partially in section, with a portion of the drives shown diagrammatically, of the planer illustrated in Fig. 1.,

Fig. lb is a sectional detail view taken along line lb'lb of Fig. 1a and illustrating the right end of the feed control.

Fig. 1c is a fragmentary sectional view taken along line lc---ic of Fig. 10.

Fig. 2 is an illustration of my improved device as applied to the control of a rotating tool.

Fig. 3 is an elevation of the device as applied Fig. 5 is a similar section of the remainin a ing attached to the tube about the said ports.

Fig. 11 is a section taken on line ll-Il of Fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a section taken on line l2-i2 of Fi 10. In all th various applications of my improved tool controlling device some of which are shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the device-may be made as an attachable unit to the part of the machine intended to carry the tool or'maybe built as a component part of the machine, the actual manvided at the top with longitudinalways I06 on' which a table I01 is mounted for reciprocation. The table I01 is adapted to be translated by a reversible power drive which in the present instance is shown as a reversible electric motor I connected through a speed reduction gearing I09 toa shaft H0 in turn connected through a pinion III and an idler gear II2 to a longitudinal gear rack II3 on the underside of the table. A reversing mechanism II4 on the side of the bed I05, which may be of any suitabletype adapted to reverse the table drive, such, for example, as a reversing switch in the circuits for the motor I00, has an oscillatory control arm Ill projecting upwardly into the path of two spaced dogs H6 and H1 on the table I01. These dogs are mounted on one side ofthe table I01 for selective adjustment along a longitudinal T-slot H0, and are adapted alternately to engage and reverse the arm I I so as to cause automatic reciprocation of the table through a predetermined adjustable range. A hand lever IIO on the mechanism II4 aflords means for effecting manual reversal of the table drive.

A cross rail or arm 96 extends transversely over the table I01, and is mounted at one end on a vertical column I rising from one side ofthe bed I05. The cross rail 06 is mounted on ways I2I for vertical adjustment by means, shown in part as comprising a vertical feed screw I22. The front of the cross rail 95 is provided with longitudinal ways I23 on which a slide or cradle 2 is suitably mounted for feed or indexing adjustment across the table I01.

Any suitable means may be provided for indexing the slide 2 step-by-step in timed relation to the successive reversals of the table 101 in either selected direction. In the present instance, this means is shown as comprising a rotary feed screw I24' extending longitudinally between the ways I23, and being in threaded engagement with a lug I25 on the rear face of the slide 2. The screw I24 is anchored against endwise movement and extends through a control housing I26 rigid with the right end of the cross rail 06. A hand lever I21 fixed on the end of the screw I24 affords means for adjusting the slide 2 manually along the ways I23.

The housing I26 encloses an automatic index or feed mechanism having a vertical actuating shaft I20 connected at the lower end through a reversing clutch I29 to the drive shaft IIO for the table I01. This clutch comprises a shifter element l30 slidably keyed for axial movement on the shaft .0, and provided on opposite ends with two bevel gears I3I and I32 adapted for selective movement into meshing engagement with opposite sides respectively of a bevel gear I33 fixed on the lower end of the shaft I20. A manual control lever I34 is connected to the shifter element I30, and is adapted for actuation to shift the element into either end position ,or into intermediate neutral position.

Slidably splined to the vertical shaft I20 within the housing I26 is a bevel gear I35 which meshes with a bevel gear I30 on a transverse shaft I31. A gear I30 is rotatable on a cylindrical drum I39 rigid and coaxial with-the shaft I31, and is adapted to be clutched thereto by a split friction clutch band I40. This band is loosely anchored to the gear I30 by a pin III, and is normally contracted by springs I42 into peripheral gripping engagement with the drum I39. A radial trigger arm I43 extends outwardly between the split ends of the band I for oscillatory movement through an adjustable arc I44 between a fixed stop I45 integral with the housing I26 and a stop I46 selectively adjustable to vary the amplitude of the arc. In the present instance, the stop I46 is formed on the free end -of a radial arm I41 rigid with a worm wheel I40 coaxial with the shaft I31. Meshing with the -wheel I40 is a worm I49 which is fixed on the inner end of a shaft I50 extending from the housing I26 and provided with a hand wheel I 5I on its outer end.

Upon rotation of the drum I39 in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. lb, the band I40 will cause rotation of the gear I30 until the trigger arm I43 engages the stop I45. Thereupon, the arm I43 will expand the band I40 to permit rotation of the shaft I31 independently of the gear I38. Upon reversing rotation of the drum I39, the band I40 will again contract, and cause rotation of the gear I30 in the opposite direction until the arm I43 engages the adjustable stop I46 to again disengage the gear from the shaft I31. In effect, the periodically reversing shaft I20 serves to oscillate the gear I30 through a predetermined amplitude as determlned by the adjustable spacing of the stops I45 and I40.

The gear I30 meshes with a gear I52 which is freely rotatable and axially shiftable on the shaft extension of the screw I24, and which is formed on opposite ends with crown ratchet elements I53 and I54 having teeth respectively of opposite inclination. Splined to the shaft extension at opposite sides of the gear I52 are two ratchet elements I55. and I56 complemental to and adapted for yieldable engagement respectively with the elements I53, and I54. A manual control lever I51 is provided for shifting the gear I52 to move one or the other of the elements I53 and I54 respectively into engagement with the mating elements I55 and I56 to effect incremental rotation of the screw I24 in the desired direction,'or to position the gear in intermediate neutral position so that the screw may be actuated manually by means of the hand lever I21.

It will be seen that through the hand controls I34 and I51, the slide 2 may be shifted step-bystep in either selected'direction upon reversals of movement of the table I01 at either selected end of its reciprocation, and that the extent of each index movement may be adjusted minute ly over a wide range from mininum to maxi-. mum by means of the hand wheel I 5|.

My improved tool controlling device comprises a supporting arm I which is rigidly mounted on the slide 2. A'swivel guide block 1 is suitably secured to the face of the cross slide hand is formed with vertical ways I 50 onvwhich a tool head or base 6 is suitably mounteda for sliding movement in a general directiontoward and from the plane of the top surface of the table I01. The tool 3 is secured as by means of clamp bolts 5 to a clatter box 4 pivoted on the base 6. Supported by the arm I also is a cylinder 0 within ciatedis another iixedarm II extending to the rear oithearmioi' theplanerandsupporting' the'tracer or feeler assembly indicated generally at H. 1

In axial alignment therewith and attached thereto at the upper end is a cylinder l2 corresponding to that of the cylinder I containing the pistonconnectedwiththetool. Inthisarrangement of the parts the tracer tool or point II which-may be shaped as desired dependent upon the requirements of the work and is here shown as being provided with a smooth rounded end which contacts the surface of a model or pattern indicated at it and the position of the tracer tool in a vertical plane causes the cutting edge of the tool I to vary in like manner and to the same degree in the relative cutting traverse along the work it" as shown. The cylinder II is shown in section in Fig. 5 within which is a piston ll secured to a rod formed or two parts I I and II' that is movable longitudinally in the cylinder through the packing glands II and ii at the respective opposite ends thereof. The cylinder I and piston therein heretofore mentioned is practically of the same construction and arrangement. A pipe ll connects the upper ends of the cylinders I and i2 and a pipe II likewise reverse of the model which in some classes of work is the desired manner in which to control the tool. The cylinders I and I2 and the pistons therein provide elements associated respectively with the cutting tool and the tracer.

In order that the tool may move in the same direction as the tracer ,rather than the reverse thereof, as above stated, a crossover arrangement is provided which consists of a conduit open to theconduit II at the fitting II to which it is connected and to which the conduit II is open and the opposite end of the conduit 20 is connected in the line II at the point 22 there being a valve II in the said conduit II. There is also a valve 24 in the conduit II and a valve 25 in the conduit II. Also there is a conduit II which is connected with the conduit II on the tracer side of the valve 24 and with the conduit N on the tool side oi the valve II: This conduit II also has a valve 21 therein. By closing the valves 24 and 2! and opening the valves 23 and 21, fluid from the top of the pump cylinder I2 is transferred to the bottom of the tool cylinder I and fluid from the bottom of the cylinder I2 is simultaneously transferred to the top of the cylinder I. Under this condition, downward movement of the piston in the cylinder I! by the downward movement of the tracer tool, as hereinafter more fully described, causes the piston in the cylinder I in move downwardly to the semen proportionate extent thus moving the tool in the same direction the tracer element II moves.

It is to be here noted that the planer construction, which is represented in Fig. 1, is of'a type in which the beam carrying the cutting tool is stationary while the table II! on the bed III is caused to move relative to the tool. In such arrangement the model II and the work II are attached to the table III and thus are simultaneously movedrespectively to the tracer and to the tool and {it is further to be observed that it is not necessary to align the tracer and the cutting toolin the same vertical plane as the tracer and model may be positioned at any convenient point at one side of the machine either at the side of or forwardly or rearwardly of the tool and this is due to the hydraulic control feature it being possible to arrange the conduits between the cylinder i2 and cylinder I to position the tracer as may be desired. The entire tracer element ii f may for some purposes be mounted on a holding element, such as the slide 2, and movable longitudinally of the cross rail II simultaneously with the tool holder.

As has been previously stated, a feature of my invention resides in the comtruction of 'a tool controlling device of such character that the tracer may be moved with the utmost case while the tool is positively moved while it is forming the cut and thus is subjected to considerable pressure. In apparatus of this kind it is necessary that the work shall exactly conform in its tipished surface to that of the model and thus the tool must move to the exact extent or degree that the tracer is moved either in the same direction or in an opposite direction depending upon whether the work is to be a duplicate of the model in its formed surface or the reverse of the surface of the model.

In such cases where it is desired or necessary that the tool move proportionately to the extent of movement of the tracer, that is, either to a greater or to a less extent, the tool cylinder I may be of greater or less diameter than the diameter of the cylinder I2 or otherwise arranged whereby the displacement of fluid in the cylinder I! by movement of the tracer causes a lesser or a greater displacement in the cylinder 8 and consequent variation in movement of the piston in the cylinder I connected with the rod 9. i

To secure a tracer that may be moved with the utmost ease, or in other words, that contacts the model with an extremely light touch," I have devised a construction shown more clearly in Fig. 4.

It is fill the'r to be understood that a pump of any approved form indicated diagrammatically at 91 may .be secured to a bracket 28 or in other approved position by means of which any desired pressure may be maintained in the conduit 39 which is connected with the chambered casing II. The pipe 28 opening to the gravity tank 32 is connected by means of a pipe III with the fitting 2I permitting the fluid in the tank 32 to flow by gravity into the power transmission system composed of the conduits II, II, 20 and 26 and cylinders I and I! thus filling the same for purposes hereinafter stated. The pipe II has a shutofl valve II therein for the purpose of separating the power transmission system from the gravity tank and low pressure line 29. The power transmission system may also be filled by a suitable connection with the high pressure lineII (not here shown) but as will be readily understood by those persons familiar with this art.

The conduit 29 has a flexible extension II, the terminal end of which is connected with the chambered casing 34. and intermediate its ends is connected by means of a conduit with a recess in the upper end of the cylinder II, as shown in Fig. 5, for a purpose hereinafter described. Also connected with this line a is a valve controlled conduit 51 extending through the head oi the stationary cylinder 55 for a purpose hereinafter stated.

The line 55 provides a conduit for the return of fluid from the low pressure chambers in the casing 54 to the gravity tank and may or may not be under pressure depending upon the position ct the gravity tank 52. The pump 51, taking its supply of fluid from the gravity tank, maintains a high pressure in the discharge line 55 and consequently in the high pressure chambers of the casing 54. The tracer element, indicated generally ati I, consists of a casting the axis of which is in a vertical plane when the app zratus is utilized in connection with a planer as shown in Fig. l but it will be understood that, depending upon the character of the machine tool to which this control apparatus is associated. the tool may be differently arranged than here shown, This element ii consists of a casting attached at its .upper end to a cylindrical element 4i as will be seen in Fig. 4.

At its lower end the element is cylindrical in form within which is secured a stationary head 42 spaced from the wall of the element 40 at the lower end and supported in place by the flange 45 attached to the lower end of the element 40. This flange 45 has arcuate slots 44 formed therein as shown in Fig. 8 and a metal tube 45 is rec-iprocable in the space between the stationary element 42 and the lower end of the element 45 the piston being provided with packing rings 45 to prevent leakage between the tube 45 and the piston.

At its lower end the sleeve is slotted from the lower end inwardly forming four arcuate portions 41 which extend through the slots 44 of the flange 45. In assembling this element 42 and sleeve, the sleeve is flrst introduced into the element 40, the head 42 then being inserted in the sleeve with the portions 41 thereof extending through the slots 44 of the flange 41. Thereafter the tracer point II has the base thereof secured in the end of the portions 41 of the sleeve in any approved manner as 'by bolting the same to portions 41 of the tube.

The tube 45, as shown in Fig. 4, is reciprocable in the space between the portion 40 and the stationary head 42 at the lower end and between the element 4i and the stationary head 35 at the upper end. To prevent high pressure liquid from accumulating between the heads 35 and 42 and the tube and thus irictionally resist movement of the tube, these two stationary heads are preferably constructed at their respective inner ends with a circumferential groove and II and these grooves respectively open at one point to an outlet conduit 52 and 55 extending outwardly through the respective heads connected with the low pressure line 55 of the system as indicated in Fig. 1.

The chambered casing 34 is also brazed or otherwise fixed to the tube at the point the ports. are formed as will be understood from Fig. 4 and Fig. 7 in which latter flgure the casing is shown by a dotted line. This chambered casing, as will be seen in Fig. 10, has a central bore in which the tube 45 flts and thus forming annular chambers of channel-like form about the tube. The chamber 45 is positioned on the tube to enclose the ports 54 of the tube of which there are one or more in the same plane in the form of slots. The chamber 55 of the casing is of greater width and is positioned on the tube to enclose the ports 5i on the one side and 52 on the other side, while the chamber 53 encloses the ports 49 of the tube. This chambered casing and ported tube cooperate with a piston 55 that is slidable longitudinally of the interior of the tube and is supported in position therein by the rod 55 secured at its upper end to the piston'as by being threaded thereto and extends through the lower end of the head 42 and packing gland 5'I thereon while the rod I5- is similarly attached to the upper end of the piston and extends upward through an aperture in the wall 01' the stationary member 58 which is provided with a'packing gland 59 to prevent leakage and extends upwardly into the pump chamber I! through an aperture in the head 60 thereof also provided with a similar packing gland and interioriy of the cylinder i2 is secured to the piston 36 to which is also secured the rod l5 extending through the upper end of the piston and packing gland l'l therefor. The piston 55 is ported near its center by the cylindrical ports or slots iii and 52 which are cut inwardly toward the central core 63 of the piston leaving the end portions 64 and 65 thereon supported in spaced relation with the 'core by the webs 65 there being several oi the same as shown in Fig. 9, and these spaces between the webs 55 are open to the slots BI and 62. The portions 54 and 55 are also of the same diameter as the central cylindrical portion 61 of the piston and slidably fit the interionof the tube. When the piston is in neutral position, flow of fluid under pressure must be prevented for which purpose either the high pressure or the low pres sure ports must be closed. In the preferred construction shown iii Fig. 4, both the low pressure ports 49 and 54 and the high pressure ports 5! and 52 are closed.

In operation of the device the tracer tool, in tranverslng the surface ofthe model and due to the configuration thereof, is either raised or low-.

cred relative to the position shown in Fig, 4. If it be lowered, the ports 54 are opened to the lower side of the piston and the ports 5i are open to the'port 62 of the piston and thence through the space between the webs 65 supporting the parts 54 to the upper side of the piston while the ports 49 and 52 remain closed. The port 52 in such case receives the high pressure liquid from the conduit 39 which is transferred to the upper side of the piston 55 causing the same to descend a, distance equal to the extent of movement of the port which is the distance the tracer element moves. This causes the liquid from the under side of the piston, during the time the ports are open, to pass into the chamber 48 and thence to the chamber 53 by means of the passageway 58 therebetween to the low pressure conduit 33. The reverse condition exists on up ward movement of the sleeve 45 in which case the high pressure fluid is introduced beneath the piston and the fluid above the piston is discharged to the lower pressure line 33. This arrangement'of the piston, chambered casing 34, and ported sleeve connected with the tracer element provides a very accurate mechanical structure causing the piston 55 to instantly move with the movement of the tracer element as the ports need only be opened to the slightest degree to secure the necessary action.

As previously stated, the rod l5, which is connected with the upper end of the piston 55, as shown in Fig. 5,'is also connected with the piston [4 in the pump cylinder I! which in turn is connected by the lines it and I! with the tool con- 91,044 trolling cylinder 0 in whichlatter cylinder the cylinder results in an exactly similar movement of the piston in the cylinder 0 which is transi'erredto the tool. tracer is reproduced in the movement of the tool to an'exactlylike or proportionate degree in the arrangement shown and either the tool may move in a direction opposite thatof the tracer or in the-same direction as heretofore stated. This result is attained irrespective of whether the work and pattern are moved relative to the tool and tracer or the tool and tracer are moved respectively to the work-and the pattern.

It is to be noted that the tracer and the tool in the construction shown in Fig. 1 move in a line contacting with the pattern and the work I and in such case either the'tool and the tracer are moved transversely of the surface of the work eachtime a cut is made or the work andpattern are moved transversely of the direction of movement of the cutter and tracer so that the entire surface of the work will be finished to correspond to the surface of the pattern, thatls, an identical reproduction or a reverse of the pattern.

In the construction shown in Fig. 3, I have shown a lathe the cutting tool 10 of which is carried in, a block connected with the rod II of the cylinder 12 which has a piston therein connected with the rod II as in the case of the planer shown in Fig. l and this pump cylinder, by means ofthe conduits 10 and 14; is connected with the upper ends of the pump cylinder I5 controlled by the tracer I6. The traces I6 and cylinder I1 therefor are identical with that shown in detail in Fig. 4 except that the pump cylinder 15 is not in axial alignment with th tracer cylinder. on the contrary, the ported piston within the chamber 11, which is constructed like the piston shown in section in Figs. 4 and 8, has the stem 18 corresponding to that at I5 in Fig. 5 connected with a bracket 19 which is attached to a projecting rod of the piston within the cylinder 15. Thus, movement of the tracer and consequent control of the position of the piston therein is communicated to'the piston in the cylinder I5 and through the lines 13 and II .and crossoverlines connected therewith to the piston in the cylinder 12, these parts op-' erating practically identically with that of the conduits and crossovers between the cylinders 8 and I2 of Fig. 1. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 3, the tool is arranged to move in a direction reversely of the direction of movement of the tracer 16 as will be understood from the position of the tracer relative to the pattern 0| and of the tool relative to the work 02 which is re-' voived in any approved manner as willbe readily understood. In the case shown the work and the pattern are supported by the usual head and tail stocks.

In the formof the parts shown inFig. 2, a

Thus the movement of the tomary rotating mechanism supported on a rail I04 in either horizontal, vertical or angular position and Figs. 2 and 3 are here shown principally to -illustrate and make clear the fact that my improved tool control mechanism is adapted -'for use with various types of metal working tools and other adaptations will be readily apparent to those familiar with the various types of machine tools in use, the specific construction of which forms no principal part of the invention herein-disclosed.

In anyoi' these cases of use, the chamber 00 at the upper end of the casting 4i, shown in Fig. 5, is open by means of a conduit 00 with the low pressure line 00 of the system. This chamber is at the head of the tube or sleeve 45 and thus a light pressure may be maintained on the end of the tube which tends to hold the tracer in contact with the pattern in any position occupied by the tracer unit, that is, either horizontal, vertical or at an angle relative thereto.

This represents only one means by which the tracer may be held in contact with the pattern but other means may be employed such for instance as a counterbalance for the tracer and tube whereby the pressure with which the tracer contacts the pattern may be reduced to a minimum without departing from the spirit of the invention. With any such arrangement a light contact of the tracer with the pattern is secured and due to such an arrangement of the parts, the position of the tracer and the tube may be varied freely without varying the degree of pressure to which the tracer is submitted and yet, by the mechanism described, the power by means of which the tool is moved is'sufllciently great to rigidly hold the tool at any point of its movement through operation of the tracer.

Also, as shown in Figs. 1 and 5, there is a conduit 31 controlled by a valve 31' connected with the low pressure conduit for the purpose of preventing any accumulation of air in the top of the cylinder head 30.

From the foregoing description it is believed evident that the various features and objects of the invention are attained by the construction and relationship of the parts described, that is. that a control device is secured by means of which a tool is made to traverse a path corresponding to the path of movement of a tracer element contacting a model or pattern, and that the surface of the work is madeto conform exactly or proportionately to that of the model,

and that the tool in the performance of the cutting operation is actuated by the machine with which this control device is associated-that is. the machine moves the tool to perform the cut or moves the work relative to the tool for the same purpose.

Further this invention seeks to provide a hydraulic mechanism for causing movement of an element such as a tool or other device to be moved correspondingly to the movement of a tracer in a line at an angle ot-the surface of a pattern and is particularly useful in machine tools as in the planer or lathe construction described in which the tool is caused to move at an angle to the surface of the work. In any instance of use of my improved apparatus for controlling a tool the machine and the, tool are operatedto cause movement of the tool or the work as the case may be in the usual manner while my apparatus is adapted to cause variation in the position of the tool relative to the surface being formed.

support therefor actuated by the machine in causing the tool to perform a: cutting operation, means by which the tool is caused to traverse a predetermined path to form the work corresponding to the form of a pattern comprising a tool actuating element, a fluid pressure actuated control means therefor comprising a tracer arranged to traverse the pattern in positively fixed rela-v tion with the tool as the tool is caused to traverse the work, a support for the tracer in mechanically flxed relation withthe support for,

the tool, and means whereby movement of the tracer either toward or from the pattern and in a direction at an angle to its direction of movement in traversing the pattern applies fluid pressure to the tool actuating element to move the tool relative to its support in a direction either toward or from the work to a like extent.

2. In a metal forming machine including. a tool actuated by the machine in performing a cutting operation, means by which the tool is caused to traverse a predetermined path to form the work corresponding to the form of a pattern comprising a tool actuating element supported by the machine, a control means therefor, a tracersupported in mechanically flxed relation with the tool and arranged to traverse the pattern as the toolactuating element is moved to cause the tool to traverse the work, a hydraulically actuated mechanism for operating the tool actuating element, and means whereby movement of the tracer in a direction either toward or from the pattern and at an angle to its direction of movement in traversing the pattern actuates the hydraulic mechanism to positively move the tool in a direction either toward orill. the tool as the tool traverses the work, means adapted to rigidly hold the tool under hydraulic pressure in any of its possible positions actuated through movement of the tracer element in a direction either toward or from the pattern and other than its relative direction of movement in traversing the pattern to cause the said tool holding means to correspondingly move the tool.

in a direction either toward or from the work.

4. In a metal forming machine including a tool support and a work support and mechanical means for. causing a relative movement of the tool and the work, means for causing a movement of the tool relative to the work in a direction other than the direction of relative movement of the tool in the cutting operation'comprising a tool engaging element, a hydraulically actuated element associated therewith, a model or pattern having a form corresponding to that which it is desired to reproduce in the work, a tracer element for traversing the pattern in possum ltively fixed relation with the tool as the tool traverses the work, means associated with the tracer element for applying hydraulic pressure to said hydraulically actuated element, and means for controlling application of the pressure whereby the extent of'movement of the tool in a direction either toward or-from the work by the hydraulic controlled means corresponds to that of the tracer element in a direction either toward or from the pattern.

5. In a metal forming machine including a metal forming tool and work supporting means,

mechanical means for causing a relative mover ment of the tool and the work in the cutting operation, a fluid pressure control means by which the tool is varied in position in a direction at an angle to the direction of movement of the work or tool by the machine, means for predetermining the distance through which the tool is moved by the control means consisting of a pattern and a tracer element for traversing the pattern as the tool traverses the work, means for applying hydraulic power to the tool control means to cause movement of the tool, and means associated with the tracer for controlling the said application of hydraulic power to the tool control means so arranged that the extent of movement of the tool in a direction either toward or from the work and other than the direction of relative movement of the work and the tool corresponds to the movement of the tracer in a direction either toward or from the pattern and other than the direction of relative movement of the tracer and pattern.

6. In a metal forming machine including a tool and work support arranged to cause a traverse oi the work by the tool, hydraulically controlled mechanism for moving the tool in a direction other than the direction of movement of the tool in traversing the work, comprising a cylinder and a piston therein, a rod rigidlyconnected with the piston and the tool whereby the position of the piston in the cylinder determines the position oi the tool, a pattern, a tracer element arranged to traverse the pattern as the tool traverses the work, means movable to cause a flow of fluid simultaneously to one side of the said piston and from the other side to cause movement thereof, a power means for moving said movable means, and means whereby movement of the tracer element in a direction other than the direction of movement thereof in traversing the pattern applies the power to cause movement of the piston andconsequently of the tool to the exact or proportional extent corresponding to the extent the tracer element is caused to move in traversing the pattern.

'1. In apparatus of the character described the combination with a metal cutting tool and a pattern the form of which is to be repi zduced in the work being shaped by the tool and mechanism for causing relative movement of the tool and work in the cutting operation, of mechanism for causing the tool to take a varied path in the cutting movement comprising a mounting in which the tool is movable toward or from the work in a direction other than the direction of movement of the 'tool in the cutting operation, a tracer element for contacting the pattern. a fluid pressure controlled mechanism by which the tool is rigidly supported at any point in its mounting, means actuated by the tracer element to cause application of pressure to the fluid pressure controlled mechanism to move the tool in a direction either toward or from the workincluding a valve structure permitting ap-i point relative to plication of pressure and consequent movement of the tool either toward or from the work to a distance exactly corresponding to the movement of the tracer element in a direction either toward or from the pattern caused by its traverse oi the pattern.

8. In mechanism for controlling the path of movement 0! .a metal cutting tool in a metal working machine having a means for causing a relative movement of the tool and the work. means ior predetermining the path or movement of the tool comprising a pattern or model, a tracer element movable overthe pattern as the tool traverses the work, a hydraulically controlled apparatus for rigidly supporting the tool at any the surface of the work bein formed, means for producing a flow of fluid under pressure, and meansnperable through movement of the tracer element in a direction either toward or from the pattern to apply the fluid under pressure in a manner to actuate the hydraulic means of the tool to move the tool in a direction either toward or from the work to a like extent.

9. In apparatus of the character described, a cutting tool and a tracer, a support for work and for a pattern to be traversed respectively by the tool and the tracer, mechanism for causing the tool and tracer to respectively traverse the work and pattern in a positively fixed relationship, and mechanism for moving the tool in a direction transversely of the direction of movement of the tool and tracer in traversing the work and pattern, comprising a cylinder, a piston therein connected with the tool, means for supplying fluid to the cylinder to cause movement of the piston in either direction to correspondingly move the tool, a fluid pressure actuated means for operating said fluid supplying means to cause flow of fluid to and from the said cylinder, means controlled through movement of the tracer in a plane transversely 01' its direction of movement in traversing the pattern to apply fluid under pressure to the pressure actuated means in a manner to cause movement 01' the tool in the same direction and to the same distance the tracer is moved; and means for causing a flow or fluid to the cylinder and piston to cause movement 01 the tool to the same extent in a direction opposite the direction of movement of the tracer.

10. 'In apparatus of the character described in which a metal cutting tool is caused to shape a piece of work to correspond to the form of a pattern and in which the pattern and the work are supported in fixed relationship, a cutting tool, a mounting therefor in which the toolis movable in a direction transversely of the direction of movement of the tool .in the cutting operation, mechanism for causing movement of the tool in one direction in the cutting operation, a tracer element including a point traversing the pattern as the tool traverses the work whereby the tracer element is caused to move in a direction transversely oi'the direction of movement or the pattern or tracer element in traversing the same, means for causing the tool to move in its mounting to exactly the same degree as the tracer moves transversely of the pattern, comprising a hydraulically controlled piston engaging the tool, a cylinder for the piston, means by movement of which fluid is caused to flow to one side or the piston and from the other whereby the piston may be moved in either oi two directions to cause movement oi the tool, a piston tor actuating the said means for causinwtransi'er or fluid to the said cylinder, a cylinder for said last named piston, means connected with the tracer element for admitting fluid under pressure to either side or said last named piston to cause movement thereo! and consequent movement or the tool, said means limiting the period oi! application of said pressure to move the piston only through the distance exactly equal to the distance the tracer is moved in either direction in a plane transversely of the direction or the movement or the tracer in traversing the pattern.

11. In apparatus for controlling the path of movement or a' metal forming tool relative to the work during the cutting movement, a supporting means for the work, a pattern supported in fixed relation thereto, a tracer element caused to traverse the pattern as the tool traverses the work, a hydraulically controlled element fixedly connected with the tool, means for actuating said hydraulically controlled element, comprising a tube to which the tracer element is attached, a piston in the tube, a chambered member about the tube and ports providing communication between the chambers thereof and the interionoi the tube, a cylinder in which the tube is slidable, means for supplying fluid under pressure to the chambered member and a discharge line therefor, movement or the tube relative to the piston opening the high pressure chamber to the tube on one side or the other thereof and also openingv the tube on the respective opposite side of the piston to the discharge line, the arrangement being such that movement of the tube in either direction through movement of the tracer in a plane at an angle to its direction of movement in traversing the work causes movement of the piston in the same direction until the high pressure port is closed, and

means connected with the piston for causing a transfer of fluid to and iromthe hydraulic tool controlling means to produce movement oi. the tool to the same extent in a plane at an angle to the direction 01' movement or the tool in traversing the work.

12. In apparatus of the character described in which the metal working tool is caused to move in a plane at an angle to its direction of movement in traversing the work, the combination with the tool, of a cylinder, a piston therein rigidly connected with the tool, a second cylinder .and piston therein, conduits extending between the two opposite ends of the cylinders whereby the position or the second piston longitudinally of its cylinder determines the position 01' the first piston longitudinally of its cylinder, a tracer element arranged to traverse a pattern as the tool traverses the work, a tube to which the tracer is connected, a cylindrical supporting element in which the tube is slidable, a piston in the tube rigidly attached to the second named piston, a conduit for high pressure fluid and a conduit for low pressure fluid, means whereby movement or the tracer element in a plane at an angle to the direction or movement of the tracer in traversing the work causes discharge of fluid from the high pressure conduit to one side or the other of the cally operated means through which the tool is rigidly held and moved to correspond to movement of the tracer, means providing fluid under pressure and a valve mechanism for controlling the pressure flow including a supporting element,

a tube to the end or which the tracer element is attached, said tube intermediate its ends having a chambered member positioned thereabout,'the tube having ports providing communication between .the chambers and the interior of the tube, a piston positioned therein normallyclosing the ports, said piston having spaced central ports opening respectively through opposite ends of the piston to 'the tube, said piston, tube and respective ports being so arranged that on movement of the tracer element and tube in either direction relative to the piston position causes transfer of fluid under pressure to one side of the piston and a discharge of fluid from the other side thereby causing movement of the piston until the uncovered high pressure port is closed, and means connecting the said ported piston with the hydraulic tool operating means whereby movement of the ported piston is duplicated in movement of the tool.

14. In apparatus of thecharacter described in which the tool is caused to move in a plane at an angle to the direction of movement thereof in traversing the work, a tracer ,element for traversing a pattern as the tool traverses the work, and hydraulically actuated mechanism for positioning the tool to correspond with the position of the tracer element comprising a tube to which 7 the tracer element is attached, a housing in whichthe tube is slidable, a chambered casing secured to the exterior of the tube intermediate its ends,- said casing having chambers at its opposite ends and a central chamber, a centrally ported piston connected with the tool controlling apparatus of a length to Just close both the ports for the outer chambers and the central chamber having two ports closed by the pistonwhen in the position of closing the outside ports, movement of the tube in either direction uncovering the port of the respective and chamber providing communication'between the interior of the tube on the rwpective side of the piston and the said end chamber and opening the central chamber through the piston to the opposite side thereof whereby pressure is applied to the said opposite side to move the piston in the same direction as the tube is moved until the ports are again closed whereby movement of the tracer element and tube is duplicated in extent and direction of movement by the piston, and means whereby movement of the piston causes operation of said hydraulically actuated mechanism to correspondingly position the tool. I

15. In apparatus of the character described, means for causing movement of a metal working tool in a plane at an angle to the direction of movement in traversing a piece of work, comprising a tracer element caused to traverse the pattern as the tool traverses the work, a hydraulically controlled apparatus actuated through movement of the tracer in a plane at an angle to its direction oi movement in traversing the pattern, said means comprising a tube attached to the tracer element, a high and a low pressure conduit, a piston in the tube, means whereby movement of the tube relative to the piston applies high pressure to one side thereof and opens the opposite side to the low pressure conduit whereby movement of the piston is produced ,of a tracer element with a pattern, a hydrauliduplicate in extent to the movement of the tracer element to thereby actuate the hydraulic apparatus and move the tool through the same distance in a plane at an angle to the direction of movement of the tool in traversing the work, a housing in which the tube is movable, a stationary piston closing the open end of the tube opposite the tracer element, a chamber into which the space between the housing and stationary piston for the tube is open, said low pressure line of the system being open to the said chamber whereby a slight pressure is applied to the tube to hold the tracer in contact with the pattern.

16. In apparatus of the character described, means for causing movement of an element in'a manner corresponding to that of the movement of a tracer relative to a pattern, consisting of a hydraulic mechanism including a cylinder and piston therein connected with the element, means for causing a flow of fluid to and from the cylinder in either direction of the cylinder axis, comprising a second cylinder and piston therein, conduits between the said cylinders whereby the movement of the piston in the second cylinder through consequent flow of fluid moves the first named piston, means for moving the said second piston to a predetermined extent consisting of a tracer element for traversing a pattern, a tube connected with the tracer element, a piston in the said tube operatively connected with said second piston, the tube having ports controlled by the position of the piston therein and high and low pressure lines opening to the respective ports in such manner that movement of the tracer element in one direction or the other may apply fluid underpressure to a corresponding side of the piston in the tube and open the opposite side to the, low pressure line whereby the piston of the second cylinder is moved by application of fluid under a high pressure to the piston in the tube, the arrangement providing a means for limiting application of power to the piston in the tube during movement of the piston to the exact extent the tube and tracer moves, the cubical content of the first and second cylinders further being in such relation that the first piston and consequently the element controlled is moved a distance determined by the relative capacities of the two said cylinders.

17. In apparatus of the character described, means for causing an element to move correspondingly to the extent of movement of a tracer in a plane at an angle to the surface of a pattern traversed thereby, comprising hydraulically actuatablemeans for moving the element, means controlled by movement of the tracer in a direction at an angle to the pattern surface to apply pressure to the hydraulically actuatable means consisting of a tube having ports for high and low pressure fluid, a piston movable therein connected with the hydraulically actuatable means, high and low pressure lines opening to the respective tube ports, the said piston in the tube preventing flow from or to the high and low pressure lines when in neutral position relative to the ported section of the tube, movement of the tracer end of the ube relative to the piston permitting flow of fluid from the high to the low pressure line to thereby cause movement of the piston in the same direction as the tube is moved, the extent of movement of the tube and consequently the distancethe ported section thereof is moved relative to the piston determining the distance through which the piston is moved by the flow from the high to the low pressure lines to cause cessation of flow.

18. In apparatus of the character described,

means forcausingmovement of a metal working tool in a plane at an angle to the direction of its movement in traversing 'a piece of work, comprising a tracer element caused to traverse the pattern as the tool traverses the work; a hydraulically controlled apparatus actuated through movement of the tracer in a plane at an angle to its relative direction of movement in traversing the pattern, comprising a tube attached to the tracer element, a stationary head at opposite ends of the tube and positioned therewithin, a high and a low pressure conduit having respective ports opening to the interior of the tube between the heads, a piston in the tube which in neutral position covers certain of the ports in a manner to prevent flow of fluid to or from the tube on either side of the piston whereby movement of the tube relative to the piston applies high pressure to one side thereof and opens the respective opposite side to the low pressureconduit and causing the piston to move to the same extent as the tracer tube is moved, packing rings provided for said heads within the-tube, and means whereby fluid under pressure is prevented from accumulating between the tube and the respective stationary heads.

19. In apparatus of the character described, means for' causing movement of a metal working tool in a plane at an angle to the direction of its movement in traversing a pieceof work, comprising a tracer element caused to traverse the pattern as the tool traverses the work, a-

hydraulically controlled apparatus actuated through movement of the tracer in a plane at an angle to its relative direction of movement in traversing the pattern, comprising a tube attached to the tracer element, a stationary head at opposite ends of the tube and positioned therewithin, a highand a .lowpressure conduit having respective ports opening to the interior of the tube between the heads, a piston I which in neutral position covers certain of the ports in a manner to prevent flow of fluid to or from the tube on either side of the piston whereby movement of the tube relative to the piston applies high pressure'to one side thereof and opens the respective opposite side to the low pressure conduit and causing the piston to move to the same extent as the tracer tube is moved, said heads having a peripheral channel in the outer face thereof adjacent the respective inner ends, and means connecting the said channels with the low pressure conduit whereby an accumulation of high pressure fluid between the heads and the tube is prevented.

20. In a metal forming machine including a tool for performing a cutting operation, means associated with the machine for moving the tool in a predetermined path to perform the cutting operation, a tracer element movable with the tool and in a predetermined path relative to the pattern. hydraulic means associated with the tool and tracer whereby movement of the tracer in a direction either toward or from the pattern at an angle to its predetermined path of move ment by the machine positions the tool relative to the work during the cutting operation, a means of supply of liquid under pressure to the said hydraulic means to rigidly hold the tool from movement either toward or from the work under pressureoi' the cutting operation and causing movement of the tool in a direction either toward or from the work through movement of the tracer in a direction either toward or from the in the tube pattern at an angle to its predetermined path of movement.

21. In a metal forming machine, a cutting tool, power means for causing the; tool to perform a cutting operation and means for varying the position of the tool relative to the surface being formed to correspond with the form of a pattern, consisting of a cylinder, a piston therein connected with the tool and through movement of which the tool is positioned relative to the surface being formed, means for supplying the cylinder with fluid under equal pressure upon opposite sides of the piston whereby the piston at any of its possible positions is rigidly supported from movement in either direction, a tracer element for traversing the pattern as the tool traverses the work, and hydraulic control means associated with the tracer whereby movement of the tracer ,due to the configuration of the pattern varies the position of the said piston in its cylinder and thereby varies the position of the'tool relative to the work.

' 22'. In a metal forming machine including a tool and a support therefor moved through a cutting path by movement of its support, means by which the tool is caused to vary its position relative to the surface of the work in its movement in traversing the cutting path and thereby form the work corresponding to the form of a pattern comprising a tool actuating element carried in a path corresponding to the cutting path of the tool and in positively fixed relationship therewith during the cutting movement of the tool, and a fluid pressure actuated control means for said tool actuating element to vary the posi- .tion of the tool in a direction either toward or tive to its support and thus to vary its position relative to the surface of the work being formed, comprising a tracer element, a support for the tracer element movable in a positively flxed relation with the tool support in its movement causing the tool to traverse a cutting path, "and a hydraulic means between the tracer and the tool so arranged that variation of the tracer relative to its support caused by its traverse of the pattern variably positions the tool by hydraulic pressure relative to its support in a direction toward or from the work in its traverse of the work.

24. In a metal forming machine including a tool and a support therefor in which the support is moved to cause the tool to traverse a cutting path relative to the work, means by which the tool is caused to vary its position in its traverse of the cutting path comprising a tracer element,

a pattern having a surface shape corresponding to the shape to be formed on the work, a support for the tracer movable in fixed relation with the tool support in its traverse of the cutting path, a hydraulically controlled means holding the tool in a fixed position relative to the surface of the work, and hydraulic means in con- Junction with the tracer element actuated by movement of the tracer toward or from the pattern in a direction other than its direction of movement in fixed relation with the tool to control the said hydraulic, holding means for the tool to likewise move the tool toward oris fixed in its traverse of the work in one plane and may be varied in its position in a plane at an angle to its fixed path, a control device for varying the position of the tool during movementthrough the fixed path comprising a pattern, the form of which is to be reproduced in the work, a pattern engaging element having a constant point contact with the pattern and being fixed in its movement in the same plane as the tool is fixed in its movement, and means controlled by movement of the pattern engaging element in a direction toward or from the pattern caused by traverse of the pattern in the fixed plane of movement with the tool to thereby actuate the tool engaging element to cause variation of the position of the tool in a direction toward or from the work in a plane at an angle to its fixed plane of movement to thereby shape the work to correspond exactly to the pattern.

28. In a metal fn'ming'machine including a tool and a support therefor, a support for the work to be operated upon, and means for effecting the relative mov ,ment of the supports and thus of the work and tool in a cutting path, means by which the tool is caused to vary its position in the relative traverse of tool and work in said cutting path and thereby form the work corresponding to the form of a pattern, said means comprising a pattern associated with the work, and a tool actuating element associated with the tool whereby the tool actuating element and pattern are relatively moved in a path corresponding to the said cutting path of the tool and in positively fixed relation therewith during the cutting operation of the tool, and a fiuid pressure actuated control means for said tool actuating element to vary its position during traverse of its said path in a direction toward or from the work including a tracer riding in,

contact with the pattern and movable thereby in a direction toward or from the same depend-- ing upon the surface configuration of the pattern during relative movement of the tool and work in the cutting path.

27. In a metal forming machine, a work support, a cutting tool, a support therefor relative to which the tool is movable in a single plane either toward or from the work, means for effecting movement of one of said supports by movement of which support the tool and work are moved one with respect to the other in a cutting path, means for causing movement of the tool relative to its support and thus to vary its position in said single plane of movement relative to the surface of the work being formed, comprising a tracer element, a support for the tracerelement movable in a fixed relation with the tool support in its movement causing the tool to traverse a cutting path, a pattern traversed by the tracer element through movement it support, and a hydraulic means between tracer and the tool so arranged that variaof the tracer relative to its support caused its traverse of the pattern locates the tool egg one

by hydraulic pressure in any of its possible positions relative to its support in the relative movement of the tool and work in the first mentioned cutting path.

28. In a metal forming machine including a work support, a tool, and a support therefor, in which one of the supports is moved to cause relative traverse of the work and tool in a cutting path, means by which the tool is caused to vary its position in a direction either toward or from the workin traverse of, said cutting path, com- ;prising a tracer element, a pattern having a surface shape corresponding to the shape to be formed on the work, a support for the tracer in fixed relation with the tool support and movable therewith, the traced being movable relative to its support in a direction either. toward or from the pattern in its traverse thereof, a hydraulically controlled means holding the tool in a fixed position relative to the surface of the work, and hydraulic means in conjunction with the tracer element actuated by movement of the tracer with respect to its support to control the said hydraulic holding means for the tool to likewise move the tool in a direction transversely of the first mentioned cutting path whereby variation of the position or the tracer in a plane transversely of its path in the relative traverse of pattern and tracer causes the tool to assume a like position in respect to the work under hydraulic pressure in the relative traverse of tool and work.

29. In an apparatus for controlling the path of resultant movement of a cutting tool and work in which there is a fixed path of relative movement of the tool and work in one plane and the position of the tool may be varied in a plane at an angle to the plane of movement in said fixed path in a direction toward or from the work, a control device for varying the position of the tool in said second plane of movement during relative movement in the plane of said fixed path comprising a pattern, the form of which is to be reproduced in the work, a controlling device podtively fixed in its movement in the same plane as the tool is fixed in its movement, including a pattern engaging element movable in its plane at an angle to the fixed plane of movement of the controlling device, and means controlled by movement of the pattern engaging element in said last named plane caused by relative traverse of the element and pattern in the fixed plane of relative movement of the tool and work to thereby actuate the tool engaging element to cause variation of the position of the tool in its plane of movement at an angle to said fixed plane oi movement to thereby shape the work to correspond exactly to the pattern.

30. In a metal forming machine including a tool and work support arranged to cause a rela tive traverse of the work and the tool hydraulically controlled mechanism for moving the tool in a direction other than the direction of relative traversing movement of the tool and the work, comprising a cylinder and a piston therein, a rod rigidly connected with the piston and the tool whereby the position of the piston in the cylinder determines the position of the tool, a pattern, a tracer element arranged to traverse the pattern as the tool traverses the work, means movable to cause a fiow of fiuid simultaneously to one side of the said piston and from the other side to cause movement thereof, a power means for moving said movable means, and means whereby movement of the tracer element in a direction other than the direction of movement sum.

thereof in traversing the pattern applies the power to cause movement ofthe piston and consequently of the tool to the exact or proportional extent corresponding to the extent the tracer element is caused to move in traversing the pattern.

31.-In apparatus of the character described, the combination with a metal cutting tool and apattern the form of which is to be reproduced in the work being shaped by the tool and mechanism for causing relative movement of the tool and work in the cutting operation, of mechanism for causing the tool to take a varied path in the.

cutting movement comprising a mounting relative to which the tool. is movable \in a direction other than the first mentioned direction of relative rnovement of the tool and work in the cutting operation, a tracer element for contacting the pattern, a fluid pressure controlled mechanism by which the tool is rigidly supported at any point in its mounting, means actuated by the tracer element to cause application of pressure to the fiuld pressure controlled mechanism to move the tool relative to its mounting in a direction either toward or from the work including a valve structure permitting application of pressure and consequent movement of the tool to a distance exactly corresponding to movement of the tracer element.

32. In mechanism for controlling the path of movement of a metal cutting tool in a metal working machine having a means for-causing a relative movement of, the. tool and the work, means for predetermlning the path of movement of the tool, comprising a pattern or model, a tracer element, the tracer element and pattern being movable one relative to the other as the tool and the work are relatively moved, a hydraulically controlled apparatus for positioning the tool relative to the surface of the work being formed, means for producing a flow of fluid under pressure; and means operable through movement of the tracer element in a direction either toward or from the pattern to apply the fluid under pressure in a manner to actuate the hydraulic means of the tool to move the tool to a like extent in a direction either toward or from the work.

33. In a machine for producing on a work piece a contour or profile corresponding to that of a pattern or master, the combination with a tracer.

and a-master, of means mounting said parts for relative movement in angularly related directions whereby any, component directional movement may be effected, a cutter mounted in positively fixed relation to one of said two first mentioned parts, and a work support correspondingly mounted in respect to the other of said parts whereby said cutter and work support are adapted to be operatively shifted one toward or from the other for production of a surface on a work piece held by the support corresponding to the master, hydraulic actuating means for effecting relative movement of the work and cutter in either of said last named directions, a control valve mechanism for regulating the operative eifect of 'said hydraulic actuating means, the tracer having a portion automatically maintained in engagement with the master to vdetermine the action of the controllvalve mechanism and thus the hydraulically eifected relative movement of the work and cutter.

34. In a metal forming machine including a tool actuated by the machine in performing a cutting operation on a piece of work, means for causing the tool to traverse the work in a cutting tracer is moved in a straight line.

path, and means for varying the position of the tool in a direction either toward or from the work during its traverse of said path comprising, a tool actuating element, a control means therefor including a tracer supported in positively fixed re- I lation with the tool and thereby caused to traverse the pattern as the tool is caused to traverse the work, the said tracer being capable of movement in a direction toward .or from the pattern at an angle to its said path of traverse of the pattern. 10 a hydraulically actuated mechanism for operating the tool actuating element, and means whereby movement of the tracer in a direction toward or} from the pattern at an angle to its path \of travl erse of the pattern actuates the'hydraulid m'echl5 anism to move the tool to a like extent in a direction toward or from the work at an angle to its path of movement in traverse of the work.

'35. In a metal forming machine, a tool and a tracer mounted in fixed relation, 9. work support carrying a piece of work to be traversedby the tool and a pattern to be traversed by the tracer, means for causing movement of the tool and tracer relative respectively to the work and pattern in straight lines, both the said tool and said tracer being movable relative to the respective supporting means therefor in a direction either toward or from the respective work or pattern at an angle to the relative direction of movement in the said straight line traverse of the work and pattern, and hydraulic mechanism actuated by movement of the tracer in a direction either toward or from the pattern at an angle to its straight line movement to correspondingly move the tool in a direction either toward or from the work at an angle to its straight line movement whereby the surface of the work cut by the tool in the said straight line corresponds to the surface form of the pattern across which the said 36. In a metal forming machine, a tool, a support therefor relative to which the tool is movable, a hydraulic cylinder and a piston therein connected with the tool, a tracer carried by the tool support in fixed relation with the tool, and relative to which the tracer is movable, a second hydraulic cylinder and a piston therein associated withthe tracer, means between the tracer and the last named piston whereby move ment of the tracer relative to its support causes movement of the said last named piston to the same extent, a work and pattern support on which the work and'the pattern are positioned for engagement respectively with the tool and tracer, and means forv causing a relative movement of the pattern and work support and he tool and tracer support, said cylinder associated with the tool being in a closed hydraulic circuit with the cylinder associated with the tracer, the said hydraulic circuit being completely filled with liquid whereby movement of the piston associated with the tracer by movement of the tracer relative to its said support causes movement of the piston associated with the tool to thereby move the tool to like extent relative to its said support, said closed hydraulic circuit supporting the pistons associated respectively withthe tracer and tool under equal pressure upon opposite sides whereby the tool is rigidly supported in any of its possible positions relative to the work, the arrangement being such that thetraverse of the pattern by the tracer, due to the configuration of the surface of the pattern in the'path traversed thereby, causes movement of the tracer relative to its support in a direction other than its 75 ,support in a direction other than its direction of traverse of the work and thus to form the work in the said path of traverse of the tool to correspond to the form of the tool to correspond to the form of the pattern in the path traversed by the tracer.

3'7. In a metal forming machine, a tool, a tracer, a support for a piece of work and a pattern, means for causing a relative traverse of the tool and work and of the tracer and pattern in a straight path in a single plane across the respective surfaces thereof the tool and the tracer being supported for movement at an angle to the surface of the work and of the pattern to be respectively traversed thereby, and a hydraulic mechanism between the tool and the tracer actuated through movement of the tracer in a direction at an angle to its path of traverse of the pattern to cause movement of the tool in the same direction and to the same extent relative to its path of traverse of the work.

38. In a metal forming machine, a tool, a tracer, a support for a piece of work and a pattern, means for causing a relative traverse of the tool and work and of the tracer and pattern in a straight path simultaneously across the respective surfaces thereof, the tool and the tracer being supported for movement at an angle to the surface of the work and of the pattern to be respectively traversed thereby, and a hydraulic mechanism between the tool and the tracer actuated through movement of the tracer in a direction at an angle to its path of traverse of the pattern to cause movement of the tool in the opposite direction and to the same extent relative to its path of traverse of the work.

39. In a metal forming machine, a tool and a tracer supported in fixed relation, a support on which a piece of work and a pattern are mounted in fixed relation, means for causing a relative traverse of the work by the tool and of the pattern by the tracer in a straight path across the respective surfaces thereof, the tool and the tracer being supported for movement at substantially a right angle to the surface of the work and of the pattern to be respectively traversed thereby, and a hydraulic mechanism between the tool and the tracer actuated through movement of the tracer at a right angle to its path of traverse of the pattern to cause movement of the tool at a right angle to its path of traverse of the work to a like extent.

40. In a metal forming machine, a tool, a tracer, a support for a piece of work and a pattern, said machine including a means for causing a relative traverse of the tool and work and of the tracer and the pattern simultaneously in successive parallel straight lines whereby through successive operations of the machine the surface of the work and of the pattern has been traversed throughout the surface respectively presented to the tool and tracer, the said tool and tracer being supported for movement at an angle to the surface of the work and of the pattern to be respectively traversed thereby, and a hydraulic mechanism between the tool and tracer actuated through movement of the tracer in a direction at an angle to its successive paths of traverse of the pattern to thereby cause movement of the tool to a likeextent in its successive paths of traverse of the work.

41. In a metal forming machine including a tool and a support thereior movable by the maans chine to cause the tool to traverse a piece of work in successive parallel paths in a single plane, means by which the tool is caused to form the surface of the work corresponding tothe form of the tool at' an angle to the surface. of the work V traversed thereby to a like extent whereby the surface of the work is shaped to correspond to the surface of the pattern.

42. In a metal forming machine including a tool and a support therefor movable by the machine to cause the tool to traverse a piece of work in successive parallel paths in a single plane, means by which the tool is caused to form the surface of the work corresponding to the form of the surface of a pattern, a tracer movable by the machine in mechanically fixed relation with the tool to traverse the surface of the pattern in successive parallel paths in the same plane as the tool is caused to traverse the work, and a hy draulicaily controlled means actuated by the tracer through movement thereof at'an angle to the said single plane of movement to cause movement of the tool at the same angle to said single plane or movement and to a like extent whereby the surface of the work is shaped to correspond to the surface of the pattern.

43. In a metal forming machine, in combination, a work support for a piece of work, a pattern adapted to be-mounted on said support in fixed relation to said work, a tool support, a cutting tool and a tracer mounted on said tool support respectively in position to engage the work and said pattern, means for moving said supports relatively to each other in one direction to Jointly index said tool and said tracer step-by-step respectively across the work and said pattern, means for causing relative reciprocation between said supports respectively after successive indexing movements in a direction perpendicular to said onedirection, whereby to define a series of parallel straight-line cutting paths in a common plane between said tool and the work, said tool being mounted on said tool support for adjustment in a direction perpendicular to said plane, and a hydraulic transmission mechanism controlled by said tracer and operable automatically to effect said adjustment of said tool into andout of the work in the course of said relative reciprocation to modify each cutting path as determlned by the simultaneous movement of said tracer relatively along a corresponding element of said pattern, said hydraulic transmission mechanism including a source of fluid under pressure, a hydraulic motor for eiiecting adjustment of said tool, and a valve operable reversibly out of intermediate neutral position in which said source is disconnected from said motor to connect said source reversibly to said motor, and including two coacting valve elements of which one element is movable by said tracer and the other element is movable synchronously with said tool in a follow-up direction tending to establish said valve in neutral position. I v

44. In a metal forming machine, in combination, a work support for a piece of work, a patternadaptedtobemountedonsaidsupportinfl fixed relation to said work, a tool support, a cutting tool and a tracer mounted on said tool supsaid one direction, whereby to define a series of parallel straight-line cutting paths in a common plane between said tool and the work, said tool being mounted on said tool support 'for adjustment in a direction perpendicular to said plane, and a hydraulic transmission mechanism controlled by said tracer and operable automatically to effect said adjustment of said tool into and out of the work in the course of said relative reciprocation to modify each cutting path as determined by the simultaneous movement of said tracer relatively along acorresponding element of said pattern.

45. In a metal forming machine, in combination, a work support for a piece of work, a pattern adapted to be mounted on said support, a tool support,' a rotary cutting tool and a tracer mounted on said tool support in laterally fixed relation for coacting engagement respectively with the work and said pattern, said tool extending axially toward the work and having an end cutting face, means operable independently of said tracer for effecting relative rectilinear movement at a uniform rate between said supports to traverse said tool across the work in a predetermined component cutting stroke and simultaneously to traverse said tracer across said pattern, and hydraulic transmission means for causing a component movement of said tool axially in a direction perpendicular to said rectilinear movement into and out oi. the work,said transmission means being automatically operable under the control of said tracer in the course of said rectilinear movement to modify the resultant cutting path 0! said tool in accordance with the form of said pattern.

46.'In a metal forming machine, in combination, a work support for a piece of work, a pattern adapted to be mounted on said support, a tool support, a cutting tool and a tracer mounted on said tool support in laterally fixed relation for coacting engagement respectively with the work and said pattern, said tool extending generally longitudinally toward the work, means operable independently of said tracer for effecting relative rectilinear movement between said supports to traverse said tool across the work in a component cutting stroke and simultaneously to traverse said traceracross said pattern, and

hydraulic transmission means for causing a component movement of said tool generally lengthwise in a direction perpendicular to said reciprocation into'and out of the work, said transmission means being automatically operable in the course of said rectilinear movement and under the control of said tracer to obtain a resultant cutting path of said tool modified in accordance with the form of said pattern.

47. In a metal forming machine, in combination, a rotary work support for a piece of work, a pattern adapted to be mounted on said support for rotation with said work, a tool support, a cutting tool and a tracer mounted on said tool mp port in laterally fixed relation for coacting en gagement respectively with the work and said pattern, said work being rotatable and being movable axially relatively to said tool in a predetermined cutting path while said pattern is similarly movable in relation to said tracer, and hydraulic transmission means for causing toward and from movement of said tool axially of said work, said means being automatically'operable under the control of said tracer to modify said cutting path tion, and on which a work piece is adapted to be positioned, a pattern adapted to be mounted on said support in fixed relation to the work piece, means for reciprocating said support, a slide mounted for horizontal translation in a direction perpendicular to said first mentioned direction,

means for automatically translating said slide in a step-by-step indexing movement in timed rela: f. to the reversals of said work support, a tracer mounted on said slide for vertical movement in a direction perpendicular to the plane of said two first mentioned directions, a tool support mounted on said slide for movement in the same direction as said tracer, a cutting tool mounted on said tool support for movement therewith, said tracer and said tool being positioned respectively to traverse said pattern and the work piece in the relative reciprocations 01' said work support, and a hydraulic control means operatively connecting said tracer and said tool support and effective to adjust said tool vertically into and out of the work piece in the course of each straight' 

